参考s3c2410fb.c总结出框架
1.代码分析
1.1 入口函数
1 int __devinit s3c2410fb_init(void)2 {3 return platform_driver_register(&s3c2410fb_driver);4 } 注册一个platform_driver结构体，如果存在同名的设备dev时，将调用probe函数。
1 static struct platform_driver s3c2410fb_driver = { 2 .probe = s3c2410fb_probe, 3 .remove = s3c2410fb_remove, 4 .suspend = s3c2410fb_suspend, 5 .resume = s3c2410fb_resume, 6 .driver = { 7 .name = "s3c2410-lcd", //如果存在有同名"s3c2410-lcd"的平台设备，就会调用s3c2410fb_driver的s3c2410fb_probe函数 8 .owner = THIS_MODULE, 9 },10 }; //这是s3c2410fb_driver这个结构体的具体成员 搜索s3c2410-lcd可得下面的s3c_device_lcd结构体
1 struct platform_device s3c_device_lcd = { 2 .name = "s3c2410-lcd", 3 .id = -1, 4 .num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_lcd_resource), 5 .resource = s3c_lcd_resource, //最重要的部分 6 .dev = { 7 .dma_mask = &s3c_device_lcd_dmamask, 8 .coherent_dma_mask = 0xffffffffUL 9 }10 };
1.2 probe函数(只列出关键性代码)
1 static int __init s3c2410fb_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) 2 { 3 struct s3c2410fb_info *info; 4 struct fb_info *fbinfo; 5 ...... 6 7 fbinfo = framebuffer_alloc(sizeof(struct s3c2410fb_info), &pdev->dev); 8 if (!fbinfo) { 9 return -ENOMEM;10 }11 ......12 fbinfo->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS;13 fbinfo->fix.type_aux = 0;14 fbinfo->fix.xpanstep = 0;15 fbinfo->fix.ypanstep = 0;16 fbinfo->fix.ywrapstep = 0;17 fbinfo->fix.accel = FB_ACCEL_NONE;18 19 fbinfo->var.nonstd = 0;20 fbinfo->var.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;21 fbinfo->var.height = mach_info->height;22 fbinfo->var.width = mach_info->width;23 fbinfo->var.accel_flags = 0;24 fbinfo->var.vmode = FB_VMODE_NONINTERLACED;25 .......26 ret = register_framebuffer(fbinfo);27 return 0;28 29 } 由此可知，其主要框架是
（1）分配一个fb_info结构体
（2）设置其参数
（3）注册这个结构体
（4）硬件相关的操作
1.3 fb_info结构体成员的了解
lcd为标准的帧缓冲设备，其主设备号为29，对应的设备为/dev/fb*
1 struct fb_info { 2 int node; //用作次设备号索引 3 int flags; 4 struct mutex lock; //用于open/release/ioctl函数的锁 5 struct fb_var_screeninfo var; //可变参数，重点 6 struct fb_fix_screeninfo fix; //固定参数，重点 7 struct fb_monspecs monspecs; //显示器标准 8 struct work_struct queue; //帧缓冲区队列 9 struct fb_pixmap pixmap; //图像硬件映射 10 struct fb_pixmap sprite; //光标硬件映射 11 struct fb_cmap cmap; //当前颜色表 12 struct list_head modelist; //模式链表 13 struct fb_videomode *mode; //当前video模式 14 15 char __iomem *screen_base; //显存基地址 16 unsigned long screen_size; //显存大小 17 void *pseudo_palette; //16色调色板 18 #define FBINFO_STATE_RUNNING 0 19 #define FBINFO_STATE_SUSPENDED 1 20 u32 state; //硬件状态，如挂起 21 void *fbcon_par; //用作私有数据区 22 void *par; //info->par指向了额外多申请内存空间的首地址 23 }; 另外，fb_fix_screeninfo和fb_var_screeninfo也是两个比较重要的结构体，在设置fb_info结构体时会大量用到。
1 struct fb_fix_screeninfo { 2 char id[16]; /* identification string eg "TT Builtin" */ 3 unsigned long smem_start; /* Start of frame buffer mem */ 4 /* (physical address) */ 5 __u32 smem_len; /* Length of frame buffer mem */ 6 __u32 type; /* see FB_TYPE_* */ 7 __u32 type_aux; /* Interleave for interleaved Planes */ 8 __u32 visual; /* see FB_VISUAL_* */ 9 __u16 xpanstep; /* zero if no hardware panning */10 __u16 ypanstep; /* zero if no hardware panning */11 __u16 ywrapstep; /* zero if no hardware ywrap */12 __u32 line_length; /* length of a line in bytes */13 unsigned long mmio_start; /* Start of Memory Mapped I/O */14 /* (physical address) */15 __u32 mmio_len; /* Length of Memory Mapped I/O */16 __u32 accel; /* Indicate to driver which */17 /* specific chip/card we have */18 __u16 reserved[3]; /* Reserved for future compatibility */19 }; struct fb_var_screeninfo { __u32 xres; /* visible resolution */ __u32 yres; __u32 xres_virtual; /* virtual resolution */ __u32 yres_virtual; __u32 xoffset; /* offset from virtual to visible */ __u32 yoffset; /* resolution */ __u32 bits_per_pixel; /* guess what */ __u32 grayscale; /* != 0 Graylevels instead of colors */ struct fb_bitfield red; /* bitfield in fb mem if true color, */ struct fb_bitfield green; /* else only length is significant */ struct fb_bitfield blue; struct fb_bitfield transp; /* transparency */ __u32 nonstd; /* != 0 Non standard pixel format */ __u32 activate; /* see FB_ACTIVATE_* */ __u32 height; /* height of picture in mm */ __u32 width; /* width of picture in mm */ __u32 accel_flags; /* (OBSOLETE) see fb_info.flags */ /* Timing: All values in pixclocks, except pixclock (of course) */ __u32 pixclock; /* pixel clock in ps (pico seconds) */ __u32 left_margin; /* time from sync to picture */ __u32 right_margin; /* time from picture to sync */ __u32 upper_margin; /* time from sync to picture */ __u32 lower_margin; __u32 hsync_len; /* length of horizontal sync */ __u32 vsync_len; /* length of vertical sync */ __u32 sync; /* see FB_SYNC_* */ __u32 vmode; /* see FB_VMODE_* */ __u32 rotate; /* angle we rotate counter clockwise */ __u32 reserved[5]; /* Reserved for future compatibility */}; 1.4 fb_open函数
app： open("/dev/fb0"...) 主设备号：29 次设备号：0
-----------------------------------------------------------kernel: fb_open int fbidx = iminor(inode)//获取次设备号 struct fb_info *info = registered_fb[fbidx]
1.5 fb_read函数
app： read()
------------------------------------------------------------ kernel: fb_read int fbidx = iminor(inode); struct fb_info *info = registered_fb[fbidx]; if (info->fbops->fb_read) return info->fbops->fb_read(info, buf, count, ppos); src = (u32 __iomem *) (info->screen_base + p); *dst++ = fb_readl(src++); copy_to_user(buf, buffer, c)1.6 registered_fb数组由谁来定义？
register_framebuffer
registered_fb[i] = fb_info
2 写代码
由1.2我们可以得知，代码的总体框架为：
（1）分配一个fb_info结构体
（2）设置其参数
（3）注册这个结构体
（4）硬件相关的操作
其实难点就在于第（2）步，主要是设置fb_info结构体的固定参数 fb_fix_screeninfo结构体和可变参数fb_var_screeninfo结构体，还有就是硬件相关
的设置，比如lcd时序参数的设置，也就是要设置lcdcon1~lcdcon5，lcdaddr1~lcdaddr3个寄存器。
2.2 源代码
1 #include2 #include 3 #include 4 #include 5 #include 6 #include 7 #include 8 #include 9 #include 10 #include 11 #include 12 #include 13 #include 14 #include 15 #include 16 17 #include 18 #include 19 #include 20 21 #include 22 #include 23 #include 24 #include 25 26 27 struct lcd_regs{ 28 unsigned long lcdcon1; 29 unsigned long lcdcon2; 30 unsigned long lcdcon3; 31 unsigned long lcdcon4; 32 unsigned long lcdcon5; 33 unsigned long lcdsaddr1; 34 unsigned long lcdsaddr2; 35 unsigned long lcdsaddr3; 36 unsigned long redlut; 37 unsigned long greenlut; 38 unsigned long bluelut; 39 unsigned long reserved[9]; 40 unsigned long dithmode; 41 unsigned long tpal; 42 unsigned long lcdintpnd; 43 unsigned long lcdsrcpnd; 44 unsigned long lcdintmsk; 45 unsigned long tconsel; 46 }; 47 48 static struct fb_info *s3c_lcd; 49 static volatile unsigned long *gpbcon; 50 static volatile unsigned long *gpbdat; 51 static volatile unsigned long *gpccon; 52 static volatile unsigned long *gpdcon; 53 static volatile unsigned long *gpgcon; 54 static u32 pseudo_palette[16]; 55 static volatile struct lcd_regs *lcd_regs; 56 57 58 static inline unsigned int chan_to_field(unsigned int chan, struct fb_bitfield *bf) 59 { 60 chan &= 0xffff; 61 chan >>= 16 - bf->length; 62 return chan << bf->offset; 63 } 64 65 static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned regno, 66 unsigned red, unsigned green, unsigned blue, 67 unsigned transp, struct fb_info *info) 68 { 69 unsigned int val; 70 71 if (regno < 16) 72 { 73 // u32 *pal = fbi->fb->pseudo_palette; 74 val = chan_to_field(red, &info->var.red); 75 val |= chan_to_field(green, &info->var.green); 76 val |= chan_to_field(blue, &info->var.blue); 77 pseudo_palette[regno] = val; 78 } 79 else 80 return 1; 81 82 return 0; 83 84 } 85 86 static struct fb_ops s3clcdfb_ops = { 87 .owner = THIS_MODULE, 88 .fb_setcolreg = s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg,//调色板 89 .fb_fillrect = cfb_fillrect, 90 .fb_copyarea = cfb_copyarea, 91 .fb_imageblit = cfb_imageblit, 92 }; 93 94 static int lcd_init(void) 95 { 96 int ret; 97 /*1.分配一个fb_info结构体*/ 98 s3c_lcd = framebuffer_alloc(0, NULL); 99 if (!s3c_lcd) {100 return -ENOMEM;101 }102 103 104 /*2.设置 */105 strcpy(s3c_lcd->fix.id, "mylcd");106 107 /*2.1设置固定数据fix*/108 s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len = 480*272*16/8;109 s3c_lcd->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS;110 s3c_lcd->fix.type_aux = 0;111 s3c_lcd->fix.visual = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR;//TFT真彩色112 s3c_lcd->fix.line_length = 480*16/8;113 // s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start114 115 /*2.2设置可变参数var*/116 s3c_lcd->var.xres = 480;117 s3c_lcd->var.yres = 272;118 s3c_lcd->var.xres_virtual = 480;119 s3c_lcd->var.yres_virtual = 272;120 s3c_lcd->var.bits_per_pixel = 16;121 122 /*RGB:565*/123 s3c_lcd->var.red.offset= 11;124 s3c_lcd->var.red.length = 5;125 s3c_lcd->var.green.offset = 5;126 s3c_lcd->var.green.length = 6;127 s3c_lcd->var.blue.offset = 0;128 s3c_lcd->var.blue.length = 5;129 130 s3c_lcd->var.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;131 132 s3c_lcd->fbops = &s3clcdfb_ops;133 s3c_lcd->pseudo_palette = pseudo_palette;134 s3c_lcd->screen_size = 480*272*16/8;135 136 /*3.硬件相关的操作*/137 /*3.1GPIO的初始化*/138 gpbcon = ioremap(0x56000010, 8);139 gpbdat = gpbcon+1;140 gpccon = ioremap(0x56000020, 4);141 gpdcon = ioremap(0x56000030, 4);142 gpgcon = ioremap(0x56000060, 4);143 144 *gpccon = 0xaaaaaaaa;145 *gpdcon = 0xaaaaaaaa;146 147 *gpbcon &= ~(3);148 *gpbcon |= 1;149 *gpbdat &= ~1;//背光使能150 151 *gpgcon |= (3<<8); //LCD 电源使能152 153 /*3.2 设置LCD controller*/154 lcd_regs = ioremap(0x4D000000,sizeof(struct lcd_regs));155 156 157 lcd_regs->lcdcon1 = (4<<8) |(3<<5) |(0x0c<<1);158 //lcdcon1[0] Enable the video output and the LCD control signal159 160 lcd_regs->lcdcon2 = (1<<24) |(271<<14) |(1<<6) |(9);161 162 lcd_regs->lcdcon3 = (1<<19) |(479<<8) |(1);163 164 lcd_regs->lcdcon4 = 40;165 166 lcd_regs->lcdcon5 = (1<<11) |(1<<9) |(1<<8) |(1<<0);167 168 /*3.3 设置显存的地址*/169 s3c_lcd->screen_base = dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL,s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len,&s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start,GFP_KERNEL);170 171 lcd_regs->lcdsaddr1 = (s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start>>1) & ~(3<<30);172 lcd_regs->lcdsaddr2 = (s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start + s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len) & 0x1fffff;173 lcd_regs->lcdsaddr3 = (480*16/16);//行的长度174 175 176 /*启动lcd*/177 178 lcd_regs->lcdcon1 |= (1);//使能LCD控制器179 lcd_regs->lcdcon5 |= (1<<3);//使能LCD电源180 *gpbdat |=1; //使能背光181 182 183 /*4.注册该结构体*/184 ret = register_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);185 if (ret < 0) {186 printk("Failed to register framebuffer device: %d\n", ret);187 }188 189 return 0;190 }191 192 static int lcd_exit(void)193 { 194 unregister_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);195 lcd_regs->lcdcon1 &= ~1;196 lcd_regs->lcdcon5 &= ~(1<<3);197 *gpbdat &= ~1; 198 199 dma_free_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, s3c_lcd->screen_base, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start);200 iounmap(lcd_regs);201 iounmap(gpbcon);202 iounmap(gpccon);203 iounmap(gpdcon);204 iounmap(gpgcon);205 206 framebuffer_release(s3c_lcd);207 return 0;208 }209 210 module_init(lcd_init);211 module_exit(lcd_exit);212 213 MODULE_AUTHOR("lwd20170110");214 215 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
测试：1. make menuconfig去掉原来的驱动程序-> Device Drivers -> Graphics supportS3C2410 LCD framebuffer support2. make uImage make modules 3. 使用新的uImage启动开发板:4. insmod cfbcopyarea.ko insmod cfbfillrect.ko insmod cfbimgblt.ko insmod lcd.koecho hello > /dev/tty1 // 可以在LCD上看见hellocat lcd.ko > /dev/fb0 // 花屏5. 修改 /etc/inittabtty1::askfirst:-/bin/sh用新内核重启开发板insmod cfbcopyarea.ko insmod cfbfillrect.ko insmod cfbimgblt.ko insmod lcd.koinsmod buttons.ko
2.3 待解决：1.出现段错误。2.用新内核启动后无法挂载nfs。
2017-01-10 16:12:27